Representación binaria de float en Python (bits no hexadecimales)

Puedes hacerlo con el structpaquete:

import struct
def binary(num):
    return ''.join('{:0>8b}'.format(c) for c in struct.pack('!f', num))

Eso lo empaqueta como un flotante ordenado por bytes de red y luego convierte cada uno de los bytes resultantes en una representación binaria de 8 bits y los concatena:

>>> binary(1)
'00111111100000000000000000000000'

Editar : hubo una solicitud para ampliar la explicación. Ampliaré esto usando variables intermedias para comentar cada paso.

def binary(num):
    # Struct can provide us with the float packed into bytes. The '!' ensures that
    # it's in network byte order (big-endian) and the 'f' says that it should be
    # packed as a float. Alternatively, for double-precision, you could use 'd'.
    packed = struct.pack('!f', num)
    print 'Packed: %s' % repr(packed)

    # For each character in the returned string, we'll turn it into its corresponding
    # integer code point
    # 
    # [62, 163, 215, 10] = [ord(c) for c in '>\xa3\xd7\n']
    integers = [ord(c) for c in packed]
    print 'Integers: %s' % integers

    # For each integer, we'll convert it to its binary representation.
    binaries = [bin(i) for i in integers]
    print 'Binaries: %s' % binaries

    # Now strip off the '0b' from each of these
    stripped_binaries = [s.replace('0b', '') for s in binaries]
    print 'Stripped: %s' % stripped_binaries

    # Pad each byte's binary representation's with 0's to make sure it has all 8 bits:
    #
    # ['00111110', '10100011', '11010111', '00001010']
    padded = [s.rjust(8, '0') for s in stripped_binaries]
    print 'Padded: %s' % padded

    # At this point, we have each of the bytes for the network byte ordered float
    # in an array as binary strings. Now we just concatenate them to get the total
    # representation of the float:
    return ''.join(padded)

Y el resultado para algunos ejemplos:

>>> binary(1)
Packed: '?\x80\x00\x00'
Integers: [63, 128, 0, 0]
Binaries: ['0b111111', '0b10000000', '0b0', '0b0']
Stripped: ['111111', '10000000', '0', '0']
Padded: ['00111111', '10000000', '00000000', '00000000']
'00111111100000000000000000000000'

>>> binary(0.32)
Packed: '>\xa3\xd7\n'
Integers: [62, 163, 215, 10]
Binaries: ['0b111110', '0b10100011', '0b11010111', '0b1010']
Stripped: ['111110', '10100011', '11010111', '1010']
Padded: ['00111110', '10100011', '11010111', '00001010']
'00111110101000111101011100001010'

May 08 '2013 15:05 Dan Lecocq